Isifudumezi sombane sisixhobo sokufudumeza sombane esithandwayo kumazwe ngamazwe.Isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokufudumeza ulwelo oluqukuqelayo kunye nemidiya yegesi.Xa indawo yokufudumeza idlula kwigumbi lokufudumeza isifudumezi sombane phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo, umgaqo we-fluid thermodynamics usetyenziselwa ngokufanayo ukususa ubushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yinto yokufudumeza yombane, ukuze ubushushu bendawo eshushu buhlangane. iimfuno zeteknoloji yomsebenzisi.
Ukumelana nokufudumeza
Sebenzisa isiphumo se-Joule yombane wangoku ukuguqula amandla ombane kumandla obushushu ukutshisa izinto.Ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngokufudumeza okuthe ngqo kunye nokufudumeza okungathanga ngqo.I-voltage yonikezelo lwamandla yangaphambili isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwinto ekufuneka ifudunyezwe, kwaye xa kukho ukuhamba kwangoku, into emele ifudunyezwe (efana nentsimbi yokufudumala yombane) iya kutshisa.Izinto ezinokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo ukumelana kufuneka zibe ngabaqhubi abanokumelana okuphezulu.Ekubeni ubushushu buveliswa kwizinto ezifudumalayo ngokwazo, zizinto zokufudumeza kwangaphakathi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kuphezulu kakhulu.Ukufudumeza okungathanga ngqo kufuna izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy okanye izinto ezingezona zetsimbi ukwenza izinto zokufudumeza, ezivelisa amandla obushushu kwaye zidlulisele kwinto efudumeleyo ngemitha, i-convection kunye ne-convection.Ekubeni into yokufudumeza kunye nesixhobo sokufudumeza sahlulwe sibe ngamacandelo amabini, iintlobo zezinto eziza kufudumeza ngokuqhelekileyo azikhawulelwanga, kwaye umsebenzi ulula.
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ubushushu obungathanga ngqo bufuna ukuxhathisa okuphezulu, i-coefficient encinci yobushushu yokumelana, i-deformation encinci kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye akulula ukuyikhupha.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa izinto zetsimbi ezifana ne-iron-aluminium alloy, i-nickel-chromium alloy, kunye nezinto ezingezona zetsimbi ezifana ne-silicon carbide kunye ne-molybdenum disilicide.Ubushushu obusebenzayo bezinto zokufudumeza zetsimbi bunokufikelela kwi-1000～1500℃ ngokohlobo lwezinto;ubushushu obusebenzayo bezinto zokufudumeza ezingezizo ezentsimbi zinokufikelela kwi-1500～1700℃.Le yokugqibela kulula ukuyifaka kwaye inokutshintshwa kwisithando somlilo esitshisayo, kodwa idinga umlawuli we-voltage xa isebenza, kwaye ubomi bayo bufutshane kunezinto zokufudumala kwe-alloy.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa kwiziko lobushushu obuphezulu, iindawo apho ubushushu budlula ubushushu obuvumelekileyo bokusebenza kwezinto zokufudumala kwesinyithi kunye nezihlandlo ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
Ukufudumeza kwe-Induction
I-conductor ngokwayo ishushu yimpembelelo yokushisa eyenziwa yi-current induced (eddy current) eyenziwa ngumqhubi kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic eguqukayo.Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yokufudumeza, ukuphindaphinda kombane we-AC osetyenziswa ekufudumezeni kwe-induction kubandakanya amandla ombane (50-60 Hz), i-intermediate frequency (60-10000 Hz) kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-10000 Hz).Ubonelelo lwamandla amatyeli ombane lubonelelo lwamandla e-AC oludla ngokusetyenziswa kwishishini, kwaye uninzi lwamaxesha ombane ehlabathini luyi-50 Hz.Umbane osetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokungeniswa ngamandla ombane ofumaneka rhoqo ukwenzela ukufudumeza kwe-induction kufuneka ulungelelaniswe.Ngokwamandla ezixhobo zokufudumeza kunye nomthamo wenethiwekhi yokunikezelwa kwamandla, umbane ophezulu we-voltage (6-10 kV) ungasetyenziselwa ukubonelela umbane nge-transformer;izixhobo zokufudumeza zinokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-380-volt low-voltage power grid.
Unikezelo lwamandla ombane ophakathi lusebenzise iseti yejenereyitha ephakathi ixesha elide.Iqukethe ijenereyitha yamaxesha aphakathi kunye nenjini yokuqhuba i-asynchronous.Amandla okuphuma kwezi yunithi ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-50 ukuya kwi-1000 kilowatts.Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla, i-thyristor inverter intermediate frequency frequency supply isetyenzisiwe.Olu nikezelo lwamandla oluphakathi lusebenzisa i-thyristor ukuguqula i-frequency frequency alternating current ibe yi-right current current, kwaye emva koko iguqule i-current ngqo ibe yi-alternating current ye-frequency efunekayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obukhanyayo, akukho ngxolo, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, njl
Ubonelelo lwamandla oluhamba rhoqo ludla ngokusebenzisa isiguquli ukuphakamisa inqanaba lesithathu le-380 volt amandla ombane ukuya kumbane ophakamileyo omalunga ne-20,000 volts, emva koko kusetyenziswa i-thyristor okanye isilungisi sesilicon esinevoltheji ephezulu ukulungisa umbane otshintshatshintshayo wangoku ukuya ngqo ngoku. kwaye emva koko usebenzise ityhubhu ye-oscillator ye-elektroniki ukulungisa amaza ombane.Umzi othe ngqo uguqulwa ube ngamaza aphezulu, amandla ombane aphezulu atshintshisanayo.Amandla okukhutshwa kwezixhobo zonikezelo lwamandla aphezulu asuka kumashumi eekhilowathi ukuya kumakhulu eekhilowathi.
Izinto ezifudunyezwe ngokuqhelaniswa nazo kufuneka zibe ngababhexeshi.Xa i-high-frequency alternating current idlula kwi-conductor, i-conductor ivelisa umphumo wesikhumba, oko kukuthi, ukuxinana kwangoku kwi-surface ye-conductor bukhulu, kwaye ubuninzi obukhoyo phakathi komqhubi buncinci.
Ukufudumala kwe-Induction kunokutshisa ngokulinganayo into yonke kunye nomgangatho ophezulu;inokunyibilikisa isinyithi;kwi-frequency ephezulu, tshintsha imilo yekhoyili yokufudumeza (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-inductor), kwaye unokwenza ubushushu bendawo obungenamkhethe.
Ukufudumeza kweArc
Sebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu obuveliswe yi-arc ukufudumeza into.I-Arc yinto yokukhutshwa kwegesi phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini.I-voltage ye-arc ayikho phezulu kodwa i-current ikhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-current yayo eyomeleleyo igcinwa yinani elikhulu le-ion elikhutshiweyo kwi-electrode, ngoko i-arc ichaphazeleka lula yintsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo.Xa i-arc yenziwa phakathi kwe-electrodes, ukushisa kwekholomu ye-arc kunokufikelela kwi-3000-6000K, efanelekileyo kwi-high-temperature smelting yesinyithi.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokufudumeza kwe-arc, ukufudumeza okuthe ngqo kunye nokungathanga ngqo kwe-arc.I-arc yangoku yokufudumala kwe-arc ngqo idlula ngokuthe ngqo kwinto ekufuneka ifudunyezwe, kwaye into emele ifudunyezwe kufuneka ibe yi-electrode okanye i-medium ye-arc.I-arc yangoku yokufudumala kwe-arc engathanga ngqo ayidluli into evuthayo, kwaye ifudumala ngokuyininzi ngobushushu obukhutshwa yi-arc.Iimpawu zokufudumala kwe-arc zezi: ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-arc kunye namandla agxininisiweyo.Nangona kunjalo, ingxolo ye-arc inkulu, kwaye iimpawu zayo ze-volt-ampere ziyimpawu zokuchasana ezingalunganga (iimpawu zokulahla).Ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-arc xa i-arc ishushu, ixabiso elikhawulezayo le-voltage yesiphaluka likhulu kunexabiso le-voltage yokuqala ye-arc xa i-arc yangoku idlula ngokukhawuleza i-zero, kwaye ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-short-circuit current. i-resistor yexabiso elithile kufuneka idibaniswe kwichungechunge kwisiphaluka samandla.
Electron Beam Ukufudumeza
Umphezulu wento ushushu ngokubhobhoza umphezulu wento ngee-electron ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu phantsi kwesenzo sommandla wombane.Inxalenye ephambili yokufudumeza kwe-electron beam yi-electron beam generator, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumpu we-electron.Umpu we-electron ubukhulu becala wenziwe nge-cathode, i-condenser, i-anode, i-lens ye-electromagnetic kunye ne-coil ye-deflection.I-anode isekelwe, i-cathode ixhunywe kwindawo ephakamileyo engafanelekanga, i-beam egxininisiweyo idla ngokuba yinto efanayo kunye ne-cathode, kwaye intsimi yombane ekhawulezayo yenziwa phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode.Ii-electron ezikhutshwa yi-cathode zikhawuleza ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane ekhawulezayo, egxininiswe yi-lens ye-electromagnetic lens, kwaye emva koko ilawulwa yi-coil ye-deflection, ukwenzela ukuba i-electron beam ijoliswe kwinto eshushu kwindawo ethile. ulwalathiso.
Iingenelo zokufudumeza i-electron beam zezi: (1) Ngokulawula ixabiso langoku Ie ye-electron beam, amandla okufudumala anokutshintshwa ngokulula kwaye ngokukhawuleza;(2) Inxalenye evuthayo inokutshintshwa ngokukhululekileyo okanye indawo yebhobho ye-electron beam inokulungiswa ngokukhululekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-lens ye-electromagnetic;Yandisa uxinaniso lwamandla ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezikwindawo eqhushumbisiwe zibe ngumphunga ngoko nangoko.
Ukufudumeza nge-infrared
Ukusebenzisa imitha ye-infrared ukukhanyisa izinto, emva kokuba into ifunxa imitha ye-infrared, iguqula amandla akhazimlayo abe ngamandla obushushu kwaye iyafudumala.
I-infrared yi-electromagnetic wave.Kwi-spectrum yelanga, ngaphandle kwesiphelo esibomvu sokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngamandla angabonakaliyo akhanyayo.Kwi-spectrum ye-electromagnetic, uluhlu lwe-wavelength lwemitha ye-infrared luphakathi kwe-0.75 kunye ne-1000 microns, kwaye uluhlu lwamafrikhwensi luphakathi kwe-3 × 10 kunye ne-4 × 10 Hz.Kwizicelo zoshishino, i-spectrum ye-infrared idla ngokuhlula kwiibhendi ezininzi: i-microns eyi-0.75-3.0 yimimandla ekufutshane ne-infrared;I-3.0-6.0 microns yimimandla ye-infrared ephakathi;I-6.0-15.0 microns yimimandla ye-infrared;I-15.0-1000 microns yimimandla ekude kakhulu ye-infrared Area.Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinobuchule obahlukeneyo bokufunxa imitha ye-infrared, kwaye into enye inobuchule obahlukileyo bokufunxa imitha ye-infrared yobude obahlukeneyo.Ke ngoko, ekusebenziseni ukufudumeza kwe-infrared, umthombo ofanelekileyo wemitha ye-infrared kufuneka ukhethwe ngokohlobo lwento eshushu, ukuze amandla emitha agxininiswe kuluhlu lwe-absorption wavelength yento eshushu, ukuze ufumane ukufudumeza okulungileyo. isiphumo.
Ukufudumeza kwe-infrared yombane ngokwenene kuyindlela ekhethekileyo yokumelana nokufudumala, oko kukuthi, umthombo we-radiation wenziwa ngezinto ezifana ne-tungsten, i-iron-nickel okanye i-nickel-chromium alloy njenge-radiator.Xa inikwe amandla, yenza imitha yobushushu ngenxa yokumelana nokufudumeza kwayo.Imithombo yemitha ye-infrared esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobo lwesibane (uhlobo lokubonakalisa), uhlobo lwetyhubhu (uhlobo lwetyhubhu ye-quartz) kunye nohlobo lwepleyiti (uhlobo lweplanar).Uhlobo lwesibane yibhalbhu ye-infrared ene-tungsten filament njenge-radiator, kwaye i-tungsten filament ivalwe kwiqokobhe leglasi elizaliswe yigesi engasebenziyo, kanye njengebhalbhu yokukhanyisa eqhelekileyo.Emva kokuba iradiyetha inikwe amandla, ivelisa ubushushu (iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi kunolo lweebhalbhu zokukhanyisa ngokubanzi), ngaloo ndlela ikhupha imisebe ye-infrared eninzi enobude obumalunga ne-1.2 ye-microns.Ukuba umaleko obonakalayo ugqunywe kudonga lwangaphakathi lweqokobhe leglasi, imitha ye-infrared inokugxininiswa kwaye isasazeke kwicala elinye, ngoko ke umthombo wemitha ye-infrared yohlobo lwesibane ukwabizwa ngokuba yiradiyetha ekhanyayo ye-infrared.Ityhubhu yomthombo wemitha ye-infrared ye-tube yenziwe ngeglasi yequartz enocingo lwe-tungsten embindini, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-quartz tube-type infrared radiator.Ubude bokukhanya kwe-infrared olukhutshwa luhlobo lwesibane kunye nodidi lwetyhubhu luluhlu lwe-0.7 ukuya kwi-3 microns, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza buphantsi.Umphezulu wemitha ye-plate-type infrared radiation source yindawo ethe tyaba, equlunqwe yipleyiti yokumelana neflethi.Umphambili wepleyiti yokumelana ifakwe ngesixhobo esine-coefficient enkulu yokubonisa, kwaye icala elingasemva lifakwe ngesixhobo esine-coefficient encinci yokubonisa, ngoko ke uninzi lwamandla obushushu aphuma ngaphambili.Ubushushu bokusebenza kohlobo lwepleyiti bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1000 ℃, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukufakwa kwezixhobo zentsimbi kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu kunye nezikhongozeli.
Ngenxa yokuba imitha ye-infrared inamandla okungena okunamandla, ifunnwa lula zizinto, kwaye xa ifakwe zizinto, iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ibe amandla obushushu;ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngaphambi nangemva kokufudumeza kwe-infrared kuncinci, ubushushu bulula ukulawula, kwaye umgangatho wokufudumala uphezulu.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kokufudumala kwe-infrared kuye kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukufudumeza okuPhakathi
I-insulating material ifudunyezwa yintsimi yombane ephezulu.Eyona nto iphambili yokufudumeza yi-dielectric.Xa i-dielectric ibekwe kwindawo yombane etshintshanayo, iya kuphinda iphindwe i-polarized (phantsi kwesenzo sommandla wombane, umphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kwidielectric iya kuba neentlawulo ezilinganayo nezichaseneyo), ngaloo ndlela iguqula amandla ombane kwindawo yombane ukuba amandla obushushu.
Ubuninzi bentsimi yombane esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kwe-dielectric kuphezulu kakhulu.Kumaza aphakathi, amaza amaza amafutshane kunye ne-ultra-short-wave, i-frequency isuka kumakhulu ambalwa e-kilohertz ukuya kwi-300 MHz, ebizwa ngokuba yi-high-frequency medium heat.Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-300 MHz kwaye ifikelela kwibhendi ye-microwave, ibizwa ngokuba yi-microwave medium heat.Ngokuqhelekileyo ukufudumeza kwe-dielectric ephezulu-frequency kuqhutyelwa kwintsimi yombane phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini e-polar;ngelixa i-microwave dielectric ifudumeza iqhutyelwa kwi-waveguide, i-resonant cavity okanye phantsi kwe-radiation ye-radiation field ye-antenna ye-microwave.
Xa i-dielectric ifudunyezwa kwindawo yombane ye-high-frequency, amandla ombane afunxayo ngeyunithi yomthamo ngu-P=0.566fEεrtgδ×10 (W/cm)
Ukuba ibonakaliswe ngokobushushu, iya kuba:
H=1.33fEertgδ×10 (cal/sec·cm)
apho u-f kukuphindaphinda kwebala lombane lombane omninzi, i-εr yimvumelwano enxulumene ne-dielectric, δ yi-engile yelahleko ye-dielectric, kwaye u-E ngamandla ommandla wombane.Inokubonwa kwifomula yokuba amandla ombane afunxwa yi-dielectric ukusuka kwindawo yombane ye-frequency ephezulu alingana nesikweri samandla ombane we-E, i-frequency f kwibala lombane, kunye ne-engile yolahleko δ ye-dielectric. .U-E kunye no-f bagqitywa yintsimi yombane esetyenzisiweyo, ngelixa i-εr ixhomekeke kwiipropati ze-dielectric ngokwayo.Ngoko ke, izinto zokufudumeza okuphakathi zizinto eziphambili ezinokulahleka okukhulu okuphakathi.
Ekufudumeni kwe-dielectric, ekubeni ubushushu buveliswa ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric (into emele ifudunyezwe), isantya sokufudumala sikhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kuphezulu, kwaye ukufudumeza kuyafana xa kuthelekiswa nokunye ukufudumeza kwangaphandle.
Ukufudumeza kweMedia kunokusetyenziswa kwishishini ukufudumeza iijeli ze-thermal, iinkozo ezomileyo, iphepha, iinkuni kunye nezinye izinto ezinobumba;iyakwazi ukutshisa iiplastiki ngaphambi kokubumba, kunye ne-rubber vulcanization kunye nokudibanisa iinkuni, iplastiki, njl. Ngokukhetha i-frequency yentsimi yombane efanelekileyo kunye nesixhobo, kunokwenzeka ukutshisa i-adhesive kuphela xa ufudumeza i-plywood, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela i-plywood ngokwayo. .Kwizinto ezilinganayo, ukufudumeza okuninzi kunokwenzeka.
I-Jiangsu Weineng Electric Co., Ltd ngumenzi wobuchwephesha weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifudumezi sombane, yonke into ilungiselelwe kumzi-mveliso wethu, unganceda wabelane ngeemfuno zakho ezineenkcukacha, emva koko sinokujonga iinkcukacha kwaye sikwenzele uyilo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-11-2022